Texas Lien Claim - General Contractor on Residential Project

Perfecting a statutory lien claim on a residential project requires that the General Contractor follow the same process and procedures and provide the same notices and affidavits as on commercial projects.  However, the deadline associated with filing the affidavit claiming lien is one month earlier when working on a residential project.

To perfect a statutory lien, a General Contractor must timely file an Affidavit Claiming Lien with the county clerk in the county where the property is located.

The lien affidavit must be filed by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) month after the day on which the indebtedness accrues which is either:

• on the last day of the month in which the original contract was completed, settled, or abandoned; or
• on the last day of the month in which written notice by the General Contractor or Owner is received by the other party stating that the contract is terminated.

The Affidavit Claiming Lien must contain the following:

• a sworn statement of the amount of the claim;
• the name and last known address of the owner or reputed owner;
• a general statement of the kind of work done and materials furnished;
• the name and last known address of the person by whom the claimant was employed or to whom the claimant furnished the materials or labor;
• the name and last known address of the original contractor;
• a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the property sought to be charged with the lien;
• the claimant's name, mailing address, and, if different, physical address

The affidavit must be signed by the person claiming the lien and must be sworn to (the signature line of the affidavit must represent that the affidavit was “subscribed and sworn to” and the affidavit must be notarized). 

The General Contractor must then send notice that the lien affidavit has been filed and a copy of the lien affidavit to the Owner within five (5) business days of its filing.  The notice and copy must be sent by certified mail.  Failure to send the notice within the applicable time period will void the lien claim.

To enforce your lien claim, you must file suit within the later of:

• one year after the date after the last date you may have filed a lien affidavit; or
• one year after completion, termination, or abandonment of the work under the original contract.

 By: Sarah Berry, Attorney

Why is Texas mechanic's and materialman's lien process so complicated?

The Texas lien process seems a little complicated, and it is.  Why do Texas contractors have to comply with notice and filing requirements and deadlines to perfect a lien?  The lien claim process was designed to protect property owners as well as contractors.  The requirements for Texas General Contractors who have made their agreement directly with the Owner of property are less onerous than the requirements on Subcontractors who have their agreements with the General Contractor.  The rationale behind the varying requirements and deadlines is that the Owner should be given the opportunity to protect his property.

It is the Owner’s responsibility to pay the General Contractor.  There is no doubt that the Owner will know if the General Contractor has not been paid and may ultimately claim a lien.  Accordingly, the process for a General Contractor to claim a lien is not very complicated.

On the other hand, it is not the Owner’s responsibility to pay Subcontractors.  It is the General Contractor’s responsibility to pay Subcontractors according to their contracts.  Without notice, the Owner may not ever know that a Subcontractor has been hired, what the terms of their agreement with the General Contractor are, and whether or not Subcontractors have been paid by the General Contractor.  Accordingly, Subcontractors in Texas are required to provide certain notices to the Owner in order to perfect their lien rights, which is where it can get complicated.

By Sarah Berry, attorney 

Check our blog next week for the next post on mechanic's and materialmen's liens.

Our firm regularly hosts what we like to call "Texas Lien & Bond Claim 101" workshops with small groups of contractors.  If you are interested in attending a workshop please contact Sarah Berry for more information.  Sarah@LPVLaw.com or (512) 472-2300.

How will perfecting a lien claim help me collect?

Why should you go through the trouble of perfecting a lien?  There are several reasons that going through the lien claim process may be beneficial to you and your business. 

As will be discussed in later blog posts, in most situations, contractors must send out notices of their unpaid claims very early on in the process.  This is helpful for several reasons.  For one, the notices must be sent within a few months after the labor and/or materials were provided to the project, and, consequently, you aren’t allowing your AR to become seriously delinquent.  Additionally, the notices serve as a reminder that your invoice has not been paid, and sometimes a reminder may be all it takes.  Some notices must also be sent to the Owner of the property.  Once the owner becomes aware that you as a subcontractor are not being paid by the General Contractor, the Owner may intervene with the General Contractor on your behalf or retain funds from the General Contractor for your benefit.  Furthermore, timely sending out the proper notices demonstrates that you understand the lien process and are a competent and professionally run business that will have no problem perfecting and enforcing your lien rights if necessary.

If sending the required notices does not result in payment, you have set yourself up to claim a lien on the property.  Perfecting a lien claim is beneficial from a legal and negotiation standpoint.  Legally, if you have followed the proper procedure and perfected your lien, you can file suit to foreclose on the lien if necessary.

From a negotiation standpoint, you have more power when you’ve perfected a lien.  If you have perfected your lien, it will be reflected in the real property records and will put third parties on notice.  This can be helpful in several situations.  For example, if the Owner of the property would like to refinance a loan on the property or sell the property to a third party, most lenders and third parties will require a release of lien from you before proceeding with the transaction.  This could mean that the Owner or the third party buyer may offer to pay you all or some portion of your claim to release the lien.  For new construction, continued financing may be contingent upon keeping the property lien free, and if your lien claim will make financing more difficult, you may be more likely to get paid.  Additionally, many property Owners will not release retainage until the General Contractor can provide lien releases and/or affidavits that all bills have been paid, which can motivate the General Contractor to pay Subcontractors.

By SarahF. Berry, Attorney  

If you are interested in attending a lien and bond claim workshop please contact Sarah Berry for more information.  Sarah@LPVLaw.com or (512) 472-2300.

Part 4: Texas Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors: Prime Contracts Over $25,000.00 & Retainage

Like in private construction projects, in Texas public works projects, general contractors hold back part of the contract price until the subcontractor fulfills the contract as “retainage.” The amount withheld is a percentage of the total contract price, often around 10%. The retained money is supposed to be paid to the subcontractor after the public works contract (the contract between the governmental entity and the general contractor) is completed. If the general contractor does not pay the retained money, the subcontractor can file a lawsuit to collect on the payment bond; however, the subcontractor must first meet the notice requirements.

The subcontractor must give notice to the general contractor and surety on or before 90 days after final completion of the public works contract. The notice must include the amount of the contract, any amount paid, and the outstanding balance. Tex. Gov’t Code § 2253.046. The notices must be mailed by the proper method and to the proper addresses.

Once again, sending the notices timely, to the correct people, and with the correct content is crucial to perfect a claim retainage.

Texas law governing public projects can be found in Texas Government Code Chapter 2253 (formerly known as the McGregor Act) and Texas Property Code Chapter 53.

Please visit our blog again in a few days for Part 5: Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors: Prime Contracts Over $25,000.00 & Rights to Information.

Part 3: Texas Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors: Prime Contracts Over $25,000.00.

In reality, most public works projects in Texas are over $25,000.00 in value. When projects exceed $25,000.00 in value, the general contractor must post a payment bond in the amount of the prime contract for the protection of subcontractors and sub-subcontractors. Tex. Gov’t Code § 2253.021. If subcontractors are not paid by the general contractor, they can file a lawsuit to collect on the payment bond; however, before they can file suit, subcontractors must ensure that they have complied with strict notice requirements. If the notice requirements, including deadlines and content, are not properly met, the subcontractor will not be able to successfully sue to collect on the payment bond.

Under Texas law, Subcontractors (those having a contract directly with the general contractor) must give written notice to the prime contractor and surety not later than the fifteenth day of the third month following each month in which the labor or material was provided for which the claimant has not been paid (often called the “Third Month Notice”). Tex. Gov’t Code § 2253.041(b). If this deadline is not properly met, the subcontractor will have lost its ability to prevail in a lawsuit. Furthermore, the notice must identify specific details such as: the labor or materials provided; who they were provided to; and when they were provided; in addition to other required information. Additionally, a sworn statement must be included verifying the amount due. Tex. Gov’t Code § 2253.041(c). The notices must be mailed by the proper method and to the proper addresses. Tex. Gov’t Code § 2253.044.

Sending the required notices on time is crucial for subcontractors but is often overlooked until it is too late or sent incorrectly due to a misunderstanding of the applicable laws. Subcontractors often wait too long believing that they will work something out with the general contractor. When they eventually do seek help from an attorney, the deadline has already passed. Subcontractors should pay careful attention to their past due invoices and ensure they seek an attorney’s advice far enough in advance so that all deadlines can be met and the subcontractor’s rights protected.

Texas law governing public projects can be found in Texas Government Code Chapter 2253 (formerly known as the McGregor Act) and Texas Property Code Chapter 53.

Please visit our blog again in a few days for Part 4: Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors: Prime Contracts Over $25,000.00 & Retainage.

Part 1: Texas Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors

For the next couple of weeks we will be posting a series of blogs relating to Texas Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors. Construction or improvements to public property in Texas are commonly referred to as public construction, public works contracts, or public projects. Some examples of public property are schools, courthouses, hospitals, highways, and bridges. On public projects, a subcontractor provides materials or labor to a general contractor whose contract is with a public entity. Unlike private property projects, a subcontractor in Texas cannot place a lien against public property due to nonpayment. Consequently, in order to protect their interests and increase their odds of receiving payment in full, subcontractors must be aware of the process and deadlines specific to public projects. In most cases, subcontractors on public projects who have not been paid by the general contractor may make a claim on the payment bond posted by the general contractor. A payment bond is a bond posted by the general contractor for the protection of subcontractors and sub-subcontractors. In more limited circumstances, subcontractors may have limited lien rights in money owed to the general contractor.

Please visit our blog again in a few days for Part 2: Texas Public Works Construction Projects & Subcontractors: Prime Contracts Less Than $25,000.00.

Texas law governing public projects can be found in Texas Government Code Chapter 2253 (formerly known as the McGregor Act) and Texas Property Code Chapter 53.